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Author: haroonkhan

  • Pig Iron

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    haroonkhan
    in

    Pig iron is the basic material from which wrought iron and steel are manufactured. They are extracted from iron ores, viz., magnetite, haematite, limonite and siderite. The percentage of iron content, and their chemical formula are given in Table 11.1. Pig iron is extracted from these ores in a continuous working furnace called the blast…

  • FERROUS METALS

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    haroonkhan
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    Iron Ores Iron ores are compounds of iron with non-metallic elements. They also contain impurities such as carbon, manganese, phosphorous, silicon and sulphur. The iron ores are extracted from the earth by mining operations. While selecting iron ores, the following aspects should be considered: Important varieties of iron ores are haematite, limonite, magnetite, pyrite and…

  • INTRODUCTION

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    haroonkhan
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    We use metals daily in one form or the other. Metals are also used for various engineering works such as structural members, roofing materials, reinforcing material, pipes, tanks, etc. Among the metals, iron is the most commonly used one. It is also available in abundance. It is stated that about 5% of iron is present…

  • Disadvantages

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    haroonkhan
    in

    Only processed timber can be used provided they are made out of reliable materials. However, doors and other wooden fittings should be restricted to wet areas like the bathroom.

  • Advantages

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    haroonkhan
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  • Particle Board or Chip Board

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    haroonkhan
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    These boards are made of particles of wood embedded in synthetic resins, which are then pressed under heat. They are made by extrusion pressing or by pressing between parallel plates. In the extrusion pressing process, the particles are oriented in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the board, whereas in the other case the…

  • Plywood

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    haroonkhan
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    Plywoods are boards which are prepared from thin layers of wood or veneers. Veneers are thin sheets of slices of wood of superior quality. The thickness of veneers varies from 0.4 to 6 mm. To make plywood, round logs of 1.5–2.5 m lengths are first cut. They are then steamed and veneers are cut from…

  • INDUSTRIAL TIMBER PRODUCTS

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    haroonkhan
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    To meet the minor needs of wood works, natural wood can be made into many other industrial products by industrial processes for building construction. These industrial-made products are also called composite boards. The common industrial timber products are:

  • Moisture Content Test

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    haroonkhan
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    The Moisture Content Test is an important test that has to be performed for all types of works. The presence of high moisture produces shrinkage of wood work, attack by organisms, causes warping, etc. Even blistering of paints occurs if the moisture content is high. In this test, the weight of moist wood and the…

  • Shear Strength Test

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    haroonkhan
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    The size of the specimen is 5 cm × 5 cm × 6.25 cm and notched in a corner so as to produce a failure on 5 cm × 5 cm surface in the radial or tangential surface as desired. Shear strength is determined only parallel to the grain. Shear strength is important when the…