Following are the terminologies which are relevant to sloping roofs (Fig. 25.1).
Figure 25.1 Parts of a sloping roof
1. Span
Clear span is the horizontal distance between the walls or the supports. Effective span is the horizontal distance between the centres of bearings of the supports.
2. Pitch
Pitch is the slope of a roof which may be expressed as degrees or inclination to the horizontal or the rise to the span.
3. Eaves
The lowest course of the roof is called eaves. Eaves are generally projected beyond the external face of the wall. This is made to protect the walls from the rains, for shading the walls from the sun and to provide a pleasing appearance.
4. Hipped End
Hipped end of the roof is the sloping end of a roof and is generally triangular in shape. The hipped end has the same slope as that of the main roof.
5. Hip
Hip of a roof is the line of intersection of two roof planes.
6. Gable
Gabled roof is a roof with slopes in two directions.
7. Ridge
It is the top most line formed by the intersection of roof surfaces.
8. Valley
The line of intersection of two roof planes containing an angle of less than 180°.
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