In previous paragraphs, an idea for the necessity of forecasting in different sectors was discussed. Now we should understand the different stages of predictive analysis and forecasting. These stages are represented in the flow chart (Figure 5.2).

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Figure 5.2   Stages of predictive analysis and forecasting.

According to the given stages, all stages can be linked with a primary era in the following way (Figure 5.3):

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Figure 5.3   Classification of primary era.

The relation between types of primary era and stages of forecasting

Stage numberStagesPrimary era
1.Interrogating naturePrehistory to classical
2.Scrutinizing symbolsClassical to medieval
3.Applying math to natureRevitalization
4.Inventing statisticsLater 18th to early 20th century
5.Developing future studiesPost-​​​World War II
6.Data-​​​based forecasting and predictive analytics20th–​​​21st century
7.Quantified forecasting and more structureEarly 21st century

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