Ground investigation refers to the methodology of determining surface and sub-surface features in the proposed construction area. Information of surface conditions is necessary for planning the accessibility of the site, for deciding the disposal of removed material, for removal of surface water in waterlogged areas, for movement of construction material and equipment and other factors that could affect construction procedures.
Information on surface and sub-surface conditions is a more critical requirement in planning and designing the foundations of structures, dewatering systems, shoring or bracing of excavation, the materials to be used in construction, and site improvement methods.
Thus the purpose of ground investigation is to:
- Determine the geological condition of rock and soil formation.
- Establish ground water level.
- Select the type and depths of foundation.
- Determine the bearing capacity of the site.
- Evaluate the anticipated settlement of the structure.
- Locate and select the materials of construction.
- Locate suitable transportation routes.
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