Shaping and planning are the oldest methods of machining. They are seldom used in production and have been replaced by milling and broaching. The major difference between two is that, in shaping the reciprocating or cutting motion is provided to the tool and the feed is given to the workpiece, whereas in planning, it is just opposite (Figure 19.24). A single point cutting tool is used in both processes. The cutting takes place only in the forward stroke; feed is given to the workpiece in return stroke. This operation is neither efficient nor economical. Shapers are more suitable for smaller workpieces than are planers. In addition to plain flat surfaces, the shapes most commonly produced on the shaper and planer include grooves, T-slot, and dovetails.
Figure 19.24 Shaping and Planing
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