The history of joining metals goes back several thousand years, with the earliest examples of welding from the Bronze Age and the Iron Age in Europe and the Middle East. Welding was used in the construction of the iron pillar in India, during the Ashoka empire. In ancient age, forge welding was in use but welding technology has been developed in advanced form in 19th and 20th century. Electric arc welding was proposed in 1800 when Sir Humphry Davy discovered the electric arc. Advances in arc welding continued with the invention of metal electrodes in the late 1800s by a Russian, Nikolai Slavyanov, and an American, C. L. Coffin, even as carbon arc welding, which used a carbon electrode. Around 1900, A. P. Strohmenger released a coated metal electrode in Britain, which gave a more stable arc, and in 1919, alternating current welding was invented by C. J. Holslag. The main aim with explaining the welding processes in this chapter is to introduce the most basic welding processes used in joining of various metals.
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