Introduction

In developing countries like India, irrigation of crops and plants with the required amount of water is the fundamental problem. The main economy of the country depends on agriculture. Due to isotropic climatic conditions of the country, different regions need varied amount of water. Most of the lands in the country are dry and due to lack of rain a lot of lands are changing slowly into the unirrigated part. Unplanned use of water in irrigation may lead to a significant waste of water. The farmer uses manual control to irrigate the land at regular intervals in this era. Because of these reasons, the land gets more water in some parts while water reaches other parts late. In order to overcome this problem, we are using an automatic drip irrigation system.

This system supplies water to the root zone of the plant and the crops are irrigated only when there is an intense requirement of water. The different parts of the country have variation in soil, and different amount of nutrients are required by the crops and plants. To overcome this situation, we have employed the pH level and electrochemical sensor (Saranu et al. 2018) in the system. The entry of unauthorized animals and birds must be monitored and controlled to overcome the damaging of food crops. This can be done by the involvement of the Infra Red (IR) sensor and with a random buzzer in the system. The system also supports inspection of the crops at regular intervals through a camera. It is required to overcome the effect of various insects that influence the growth of the crop. The proposed system sends information about the sensed information to the user mobile phone through Internet of Things (IoT) network. The entire irrigation field and garden status are monitored, controlled and implemented through this system.

The IoT is used to interconnect everyday objects, tools, devices or computers together into one system. The network may vary in size, place and time. Every object is tagged by a sensor. The sensor data are stored in the cloud. The cloud acts as a repository of sensor data. These data are retrieved from the cloud and processed and sent to the user in the form of image or text. The IoT gateway is nothing but Raspberry Pi, which is used to connect the sensor network and the cloud. The gateway gathers data from sensors, processes the request from remote users, uploads the data to the cloud and instructs the user based on the situations. The involvement of IoT in the fields and gardens gives better management, improved plant disease prevention ability, increase in production by the integrated use of soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor, pH level sensor, water level sensor, electrochemical sensor and IR sensor.