Clock-​enabled equipment for agriculture

Current farming needs apparatuses and innovations that can improve production effectiveness, product quality, postharvest tasks and diminish their natural effect (Saptasagare and Kodada 2014). Automation in agribusiness contributes to precision farming. Environmental parameters have a persistent effect on the crop from cultivation to cutting. Precision farming accompanies the method of applying the perfect measure of input signals like water, manure, pesticide and so forth at the correct area and at the ideal time to upgrade production and improve quality without affecting the nature. Sensors are helpful agents in modern agriculture; by sensor networks a real-​time monitoring system can be developed (Mahato et al. 2019). In agriculture, the field conditions like temperature, soil moisture content, water level and pH level of soil can be constantly observed by sensors. A global system for mobile communications (GSM) modem which includes general packet radio services (GPRS) provides information over long transmission range in kilometers. The modem is interfaced with a microcontroller, which sends any unusual conditions like less moisture and rise in temperature, pH concentration and low water level in the tank by means of SMS to farmer’s mobile phone and implements the action instructed by the farmer accordingly. Global positioning system (GPS) provides a technique of providing data and information anywhere on the earth. Precise, computerized position tracking with GPS permits ranchers and farmers to naturally record information and apply the same (Reddy 2012). A GPS provides longitude, latitude, altitude and time. Accurate time is necessary for every electronic component. Efficiency is always measured with respect to time (Mahato et al. 2019). Every electronics device is equipped by a fine clock signal generated by the oscillator in the range of MHz to GHz frequency. Inversion of frequency provides a time period to complete a task of the system. Clock signal and their associated properties are discussed in detail.