Category: Concepts Of Thermodynamics And Properties Of Gases
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Application of First Law of Thermodynamics in Steady Flow Process and Variable Flow Process
Steady Flow Process In a steady flow process, thermodynamic properties at any section remain constant with respect to time; it can vary only with respect to space. A schematic diagram of steady flow process is shown in Figure 1.7. Figure 1.7 Schematic Diagram of Steady Flow Process From continuity equation: Energy balance equation: This is known as…
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Polytropic Process
In this process, the law is governed by PVn = constant. Work done during adiabatic process From first law of thermodynamics Example 1.2: The initial pressure and temperature of 1 mole of an ideal gas are 1 MPa and 380 K, respectively. It is heated at constant pressure till the temperature is doubled and then is allowed to expand…
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Adiabatic Process
In this process, heat transfer is equal to zero. Work done during adiabatic process From first law of thermodynamics
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Constant Temperature Process
In this process, temperature remains constant, i.e., ΔT = 0. This is also known as isothermal process. From first law of thermodynamics
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Constant Pressure Process
In this process, pressure remains constant, i.e., Δp = 0. This is also known as isobaric process. The work done from state 1 to state 2. W = pdV = p(V1 − V2) From first law of thermodynamics
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Constant Volume Process
In this process, volume remains constant, i.e., ΔV = 0. This is also known as isochoric process. From first law of thermodynamics:
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Non-flow Processes
The various non-flow processes and their characteristics are shown in Figure 1.3. Figure 1.3 Non-flow Processes
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Similarity Between Heat and Work
Heat and work are energy transfer mechanisms between a system and its surroundings. Some of the similarities between heat and work are as follows:
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Similarity Between Heat and Work
Heat and work are energy transfer mechanisms between a system and its surroundings. Some of the similarities between heat and work are as follows:
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Sign Conventions for Heat and Work Interaction
Heat and work are directional quantities, and thus the complete description of a heat or work interaction requires the specification of both the magnitude and direction. One way of doing that is to adopt a sign convention. The generally accepted formal sign convention for heat and work interactions is as follows: