Category: Industrial Waste Minimization Methodology

The Pulp and Paper Industry The pulp and paper industry is one of the largest industries in the world. It is also an important source of employment in many countries. A sustainably managed pulp and paper industry can bring several benefits to the local economy and people particularly in rural areas. The industry is dominated…

Black liquor is a biomass feedstock with unique properties suitable for gasification (Ǻdahl et al. 2004; Andersson and Harvey 2004; Bajpai, 2008, 2013; Berglin et al. 2002; Dahlquist et al. 2009; Grigoray 2009; Marklund 2006; Salomonsson, 2013; Sricharoenchaikul 2009, 2001; Waldner and Vogel 2005; Wikipedia 2016). First of all, it is available at existing industrial sites in large quantities. Second it is liquid. This makes it possibly…

The US pulp and paper industry is the largest producer and user of biomass energy in the United States today, nearly all derived from sustainably grown trees. Renewable resources used at pulp mills include bark, wood wastes, and black liquor, the lignin‐rich by‐product of cellulose‐fiber extraction. With substantial renewable energy resources at its immediate disposal…

In the areas of chemicals and allied products and energy process engineering, it is of particular interest to design processes with low‐energy requirements (energy intensive) (preferably renewable materials, e.g. biomass) and the use of minimum raw materials or use of a by‐product as feedstock (materials intensive) and minimum number of equipment (i.e. lean manufacturing). This…

In response to the staggering environmental and energy problems associated with manufacturing facilities, the chemical and allied process industries have dedicated much attention and many resources to mitigating the detrimental impact on the environment, conserving resources, and reducing the intensity of energy usage. These efforts have gradually shifted from a unit‐based approach to a systems‐level…

The AC is a carbonaceous material produced by steam activation (at ~900 °C). It has high mechanical strength against abrasion and crushing. Its surface area is 150–300 m2/g, less than the conventional activated carbon, but not much higher than the metallurgical coal. AC comes in tablet or almond‐type shape and is generally much larger than the activated…

Advanced Multi‐Pollutant Control: Intensified Regenerative Activated Coke Technology Regenerative activated coke technology (ReACT™) is an advanced intensified multi‐pollutants technology that achieves simultaneous capture of SOx, NOx, and mercury in one vessel. The process was first developed in Germany, and it was subsequently advanced and commercialized by J‐Power EnTech in Japan where ReACT™ has been implemented…

In early 1988, a study of effluents from bleached pulp mills showed significant levels of dioxins and furans. As a result of these findings, the industry implemented a series of process changes including (i) eliminating the use of certain defoamers which contained dioxin and furan precursors, (ii) decreasing the use of chlorine as bleaching chemical,…

Process intensification (PI) aims to dramatically improve manufacturing processes through the application of novel process systems and equipment. The novel approaches can be used to overcome bottlenecks, such as those imposed by thermodynamics, or to combine processing phenomena into fewer processing units with a concurrent reduction of capital and operation and maintenance costs and energy,…

Nowadays, one of the most significant challenges in environmental management across the world is ensuring that our activities conform to the principles of sustainable development (Allen and Shonnard 2012; Clift and Allwood 2011; Das 2005; Das et al. 2001). Approaches to sustainable development have focused on “top‐down” quantitative indicators based on scientific expertise and have a tendency to measure…