Category: Industrial Process Pollution Prevention
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VOC Control Technologies
The NSPS regulations for combustion turbines and duct burners provide no VOC emission limits. The following sections assess the control strategies that are potentially feasible for decreasing VOC emissions from the facility. Catalytic Oxidation The formation of VOC in combustion units depends primarily on the efficiency of combustion. Inefficient combustion leads to the formation of…
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BACT Evaluation for PM/PM10 Emissions
Although no specific PM/PM10 emission limits are established in the NSPS for combustion turbines, BACT must be considered for the control of particulate. Step 1: Identify Potential Control Technologies The first step in the BACT analysis is to identify all potential control technologies available for the control of PM/PM10 emissions. The technologies identified for the control of…
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CO BACT Review: Combustion Turbines and Duct Burners
SCONOX reduces CO emissions by oxidizing CO to CO2. When CO is reduced from 11.51 ppm (gas turbine with duct burner firing) to 1 ppm, the cost effectiveness is $21 706/T of CO removed. In the United States, combustion turbines and duct burners are subject to the federal NSPS, but the regulations provide no CO emission limits. The following…
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Lean‐Premix Technology or Dry‐Low NOx
Processes that use air as a diluent to reduce combustion flame temperatures achieved reduce NOx by premixing the fuel and air before they enter the combustor. This type of process is called lean‐premix combustion and goes by a variety of names, including the dry‐low NOx (DLN) process of General Electric, the dry‐low emissions process of Rolls‐Royce, and the…
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NOx BACT Review
Combustion Turbines and Duct Burners NOx is produced through two mechanisms: high temperature processes, which create thermal NOx (products of the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen gases in the air) and combustion of nitrogen‐containing materials, which produces fuel NOx. Table 6.16 lists the technologies that were identified for controlling NOx emissions from gas turbines and their effective emission levels. SCONOX…
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BACT: Applications to Gas Turbine Power Plants
In the United States, BACT comprises the equipment and methods needed to achieve the maximum degree of reduction of pollutants subject to federal regulations that are emitted from any proposed major stationary source or major modification of such a source. The pollutants subject to review under the PSD regulations, and for which a BACT analysis…
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Best Available Control Technology (for Environmental Remediation)
What Is “Best Available Control Technology”? Best available control technology (BACT) is a pollution control standard mandated by the Clean Air Act: …an emission limitation based on the maximum degree of reduction of each pollutant subject to regulation under this Act emitted from or which results from any major emitting facility, which the permitting authority,…
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Sensitivity Analysis
A sensitivity analysis was conducted on each system to determine which parameters had the most influence on the results and to pinpoint opportunities for reducing the environmental burden of the system. In general, parameters associated with increasing the system efficiency and reducing the fossil fuel usage had the largest effects. Additionally, for the biomass systems,…
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Global Warming Potential
Figure 6.14 shows the net emissions of the three GHGs quantified for these studies: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). The biomass IGCC system has a much lower GWP than the fossil systems because of the absorption of CO2 during the biomass growth cycle. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that even moderate amounts of soil carbon…
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Case Study: LCA Comparisons of Electricity from Biorenewables and Fossil Fuels
A series of LCAs was conducted on biomass, coal, and natural gas systems to quantify the environmental benefits and drawbacks of each. All those evaluations were conducted in a cradle‐to‐grave manner to cover all processes necessary for the operation of the power plant including raw material extraction, feed preparation, transportation, waste disposal, and recycling. We…