Category: Industrial Wastewater Air Pollution and Solid And Hazardous Wastes

Laboratory QA/QC procedures ensure correct and representative analyses through instrument calibration and the processing of control samples. The precision of laboratory findings refers to the reproducibility of results. In a laboratory QC program, a sample is analyzed independently (more than once) using the same methods and set of conditions. Precision is estimated by comparing the…

Sampling QC begins with calibration and preventative maintenance procedures for sampling equipment. The POTW’s Sampling and Quality Assurance Plan should include a calibration plan and documentation record for all field sampling and analysis equipment used. A complete document record should be kept in a QC logbook, including equipment specifications, calibration date, and calibration expiration data,…

In order to ensure the quality of POTW sampling, the POTW should develop a general plan that lays out all of its procedures for conducting sampling to meet the requirements under its pretreatment program. Here, this plan is referred to as the Sampling and Quality Assurance Plan, or simply the plan. Many POTWs have a plan(s)…

General permits are wastewater discharge permits that are developed for a category of discharger instead of an individual facility. General permits may be issued under federal (actually combined NPDES/state) or state‐only authority. The Waste Discharge General Permit Program rule, Chapter 173‐226 WAC, clarifies the intent in its purpose statement: “Permits issued under this chapter are designed…

An NPDES Permit is required for a discharge of wastewater to waters of the United States (surface waters). This permit is issued by the state by delegated authority of the Clean Water Act (CWA 1972). Since waters of the United States are also waters of the state, NPDES permits are actually combined NPDES/state waste discharge permits issued under dual…

POTWs with approved pretreatment programs may, at their discretion (as authorized by their local ordinances and regulations), require their indirect dischargers to achieve specific minimum levels when performing analyses or may require the use of specific analytical methods to enable the POTW to better characterize contributions into their system. Where a state or the EPA is…

Having National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit holder, each industrial facility with an approved pretreatment program with/without working with a publicly owned treatment works (POTW), must implement its compliance monitoring program that (i) meets the requirements and intent of the General Pretreatment Regulations, (ii) is effective and timely in determining compliance with categorical standards, local limits, and…

Names of elements common to water and wastewater technology along with their symbols, atomic weights, common valence, and equivalent weights are given in Table 4.1. Certain groupings of atoms act together as a unit in a large number of different molecules; these refer to radicals, are given special names, such as the hydroxyl group (OH−). The…

In industrial process, the control of the quality of process water can be critical to the quality of the end product. Water is often used as a carrier of reagents and the loss of reagents to product must be continuously monitored to ensure that correct replacement rate is made. Parameters measured relate specifically to the…

This chapter describes and deals with important aspects of selecting the best remedial control technologies for pollutants, managing wastes, monitoring, sampling industrial water, air, and solid and hazardous materials, modes of sample collections, samples analyses by various analytical, physical‐chemical methods approved by governmental agency, quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA), laboratory audits, testing, monitoring,…