Category: Industrial Wastewater Air Pollution and Solid And Hazardous Wastes

With India’s growing population, coupled with rapid industrialization and urbanization, waste generation is projected to increase from 62 million T/Y to about 165 million T in 2030 (ASSOCHAM India 2017; TERI 2014). India has been witnessing a paradigm shift in policy, perspective, and industrialization (make in India initiative), along with the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Campaign) initiative. Industries and corporations are committed…

Superfund is a United States federal government program designed to fund the cleanup of sites contaminated with hazardous substances and pollutants. Sites managed under this program are referred to as “Superfund” sites. It was established as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) (USEPA 1980). It authorizes federal natural resource agencies, primarily the…

The USEPA began proposing environmental audits as an element of enforcement case settlements during the mid‐1970s (Federal Register 1994). Such settlements are frequent The EPA defines environmental audits as a systematic, documented, periodic, and objective review by regulated entities of facility operations and practices related to meeting environmental requirements. Audits can be designed to verify compliance…

Hazardous waste may be sequestered in a hazardous waste landfill or permanent disposal facility. “In terms of hazardous waste, a landfill is defined as a disposal facility or part of a facility where hazardous waste is placed or on land and which is not a pile, a land treatment facility, a surface impoundment, an underground…

TSDFs manage hazardous waste under RCRA Subtitle C and generally must have a permit in order to operate. While most facilities have RCRA permits, some continue to operate under what is called “interim status.” Interim status requirements appear in 40 CFR Part 265 (USEPA 2012). The permitting requirements for TSDFs appear in 40 CFR Parts 264…

The EPA’s cradle‐to‐grave hazardous waste management system is an attempt to track hazardous waste from its generation point (the “cradle”) to its ultimate disposal point (the “grave”) (Figure 4.16). Arguably, the most notable provisions of the RCRA statute are included in Subtitle C, which directs EPA to establish controls on the management of hazardous wastes…

The RCRA, enacted in 1976, is the principal federal law in the United States governing the disposal of solid waste and hazardous waste (RCRA 1976). History and Goals Congress enacted RCRA to address the increasing problems the nation faced from its growing volume of municipal and industrial waste. RCRA amended the Solid Waste Disposal Act of…

Solid Waste Treatment: Some Perspectives on Recycling In 2010, Americans generated about 250 million T of municipal solid waste (MSW) (before recycling), an about 8% increase over 2000, an increase of 17% over 1990, and 36% over 1980 (USEPA 2002a, 2014). Thus, management of MSW continues to be an important challenge facing the United States and other highly…

An alternative to performing one‐time measurement is to perform continuous measurement of the contaminant using a CEM (also referred to as CEM system). A CEM has many of the same attributes as a stack test (Sections 4.19.8 and 4.19.9). A probe is inserted in the stack and the sample is conditioned appropriately before it enters an analyzer…

There are several enforcement options that EPA can take under the CAA. These include the following: Each of these is discussed below. Individual states may have similar provisions for violation of state statutes and will have provisions at least as stringent as these for violation of state statutes that are delegation of federal statutes. CIVIL…