Category: Industrial Pollution Sources Its Characterization, Estimation and Treatment

Pollution Load and Concentration In most industries, wastewater effluents result from the following water uses: Excluding the large volumes of cooling water discharged by the electric power industry, the wastewater production from urban areas is about evenly divided between industrial and municipal sources. Therefore, the use of water by industry can significantly affect the water…

Cyanide ion, CN‐, is probably the most important of the various inorganic species in wastewater. Cyanide, a deadly poisonous substance, exists in water as HCN which is a weak acid. The cyanide ion has a strong affinity for many metal ions, forming relatively less toxic ferrocyanide, Fe(CN)64−, with iron (II), for example. Volatile HCN is…

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as benzene, toluene, xylenes, trichloroethane, dichloromethane, and trichloroethylene (TCE), are common soil pollutants in industrialized and commercialized areas. One of the more common sources of these contaminants is leaking underground storage tanks. Improperly discarded solvents and landfills, built before the introduction of current stringent regulations, are also significant sources of…

Inorganic Chemicals The principal chemical tests include free ammonia, inorganic nitrogen as nitrate, nitrite, organic phosphorus, and inorganic phosphorus. Nitrogen and phosphorus are important because these two nutrients are responsible for the growth of aquatic plants. Other tests such as chloride, sulphate, pH, and alkalinity are performed to assess the suitability of reusing treated wastewater…

Prior to about 1940, most municipal wastewater was generated from domestic sources. After 1940, as industrial development in the United States grew significantly, increasing amounts of industrial wastewater have been and continue to be discharged into municipal collection systems. The amounts of heavy metals and synthesized organic compounds generated by industrial activities have increased; some…

Point Source Point source water pollution refers to contaminants that enter a waterway from a single, identifiable source, such as a pipe or ditch. Examples of sources in this category include discharges from a factory, a sewage treatment plant or a publicly owned treatment works (POTWs), or a city storm drain. The US Clean Water…

This chapter provides a summary of industrial wastewater sources, wastewater characteristics, wastewater treatment, reuse and discharge, industrial sources of air pollutions, inventories, air pollution control, solid waste and hazardous waste characteristics, treatments, and management. Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process…