Category: Industrial Pollution Sources Its Characterization, Estimation and Treatment

The terms ambient air, ambient air pollution, ambient levels, ambient concentrations, ambient air monitoring, ambient air quality, etc. occur frequently in air pollution parlance. The intent is to distinguish pollution of the air outdoors by transport and diffusion by wind (i.e. ambient air pollution) from contamination of the air indoors by the same substances. The air inside…

Dental offices create a variety of wastes, which need to be pretreated or managed correctly to protect our health and the environment. This guide explains the Best Management Practices (BMPs) that will help dentists follow environmental laws and prevent pollution. Note that this guidance is only for dental offices on a POTW. Operatory waste should…

The purpose of the USEPA National Pretreatment Program is to protect POTWs and the environment from the adverse impacts that may occur when “shock loadings” of criteria pollutants or hazardous or toxic wastes are discharged into a POTW system. This is achieved mainly by regulating nondomestic (industrial) users of POTWs that discharge toxic wastes or…

Variation in Industrial Wastewaters The composition of wastewater from industry operations varies widely depending on the function and activity of the particular industry (Tables 3.3 and 3.4). From these examples, it can be observed that the daily average concentration of both BOD and TSS can vary significantly. Problems with high short‐term loadings most commonly occur in small…

Solids Solid material in wastewater may be dissolved, suspended, or settled. Total dissolved solids or TDS (sometimes called filterable residue) is measured as the mass of residue remaining when a measured volume of filtered water is evaporated. The term total suspended solids (TSS) refers to the nonfilterable residue that is retained on a glass‐fiber disc after filtration of…

Whereas the nature domestic wastewater is relatively constant, the extreme diversity of industrial effluents calls for an individual investigation for each type of industry and often entails the use of specific treatment processes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the production processes and the system organization is fundamental. There are four types of industrial effluents to…

Industries that have daily, weekly, or seasonal manufacturing cycles will show variations in wastewater generation. Business cycles for each of the various segments of the industrial community will have an effect on production; therefore, on the generation of wastewater. The food‐processing industry provides a good example of daily, weekly, and seasonal variations in discharge quantity…

An understanding of the concentration and the mass of a pollutant in an industrial waste is needed to determine the effects on the industry’s pretreatment system, the POTW collection, treatment, and disposal systems, and the sampling of the industry’s discharge. The concentration of a substance in wastewater is normally expressed as milligrams per liter and…

Dilute Solutions The discharges from continuous manufacturing processes are normally dilute solutions of compatible and sometimes nonconventional pollutants. They may be discharged to the industry’s pretreatment system or directly to the POTW without any pretreatment. Manufacturing processes such as plating bath rinses, raw food cleaning, and crude oil dewatering are all examples of dilute solutions…

Industrial wastewater may contain pollutants which cannot be removed by conventional sewage treatment. Also, variable flow of industrial waste associated with production cycles may upset the population dynamics of biological treatment units, such as the activated sludge process. Thus, industrial wastewaters can pose serious hazardous to municipal systems because the collection and treatment systems have not…