Category: Fluid Mechanics And Hydraulic Machines

σ is defined as the ratio of mass density of a fluid to some standard mass density. For solids and liquids this standard mass density is the maximum mass density for water (which occurs at 4°C) at atmospheric pressure.

ω (sometimes γ, and sometimes known as specific gravity) is defined as the weight per unit volume or the force exerted by gravity, g, upon a unit volume of the substance. The relationship between g and ω can be determined by Newton’s second law, since weight per unit volume = Mass per unit volume × g. S.I. unit of fluid is Newton per…

ρ, is defined as the mass of substance per unit volume. S.I. unit of mass density is kilograms per cubic metre, kg/m3, and dimensions is ML−3.

The fluid density is the quantity of fluid contained in its unit volume. It can be expressed in three different ways: mass density, specific weight, and relative density.

The study of properties of fluids is a base for basic understanding of flow or static condition of fluids. Some important properties of fluids are density, viscosity, surface tension, bulk modulus, vapour pressure, etc. Viscosity causes resistance to flow between two adjacent layers of fluid. Surface tension leads to capillary effects. Bulk modulus is involved…

Mechanics can be divided into three parts, such as mechanics of rigid body, mechanics of solids and mechanics of fluids. In mechanics of rigid body, it is assumed that there is no internal deformation in the body and we study about the static and dynamic position of the body subjected to external forces. In mechanics…