Author: haroonkhan
-
Thermal Power Plant
Thermal power plant may be coal based or gas based. In coal-based power plant, coal is used as burning fuel and the heat energy is transferred to water to convert it into superheated steam. The heat energy of the steam is converted into shaft power through expansion of steam in steam turbine. The shaft of…
-
POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
Power plant engineering is a branch of engineering which deals with conversion of various forms of energy into electrical energy. In this text we will discuss about thermal power, hydroelectric power, nuclear power, and non-conventional sources of energy. In thermal power plant, coal, diesel, petrol, natural gas, and kerosene oil are used as fuel and…
-
PRIME MOVERS
Prime mover is a primary source of power. All the machinery that provides power for performing various kinds of mechanical work is prime movers. It is a group of machines that transform various forms of energy such as thermal, electrical or pressure into mechanical energy. Engines, turbines, pumps, actuators, etc. are the examples of prime…
-
INTRODUCTION
There are different forms of energy; all the energy cannot be used as a work. The convertibility of energy into work depends on its availability. In this chapter, we will discuss about the conversion of energy from one form to another and various sources of energy. The principles of operations of various types of power…
-
DETERMINATION OF CALORIFIC VALUE OF FUEL USING BOMB CALORIMETER
Bomb calorimeter is normally used for the determination of calorific value of solid fuels. However, it can also be used for liquid fuels. The combustion of the fuel takes place at constant volume in a tightly closed vessel as shown in Figure 2.1. The higher calorific value of the fuel is determined at constant volume. Figure 2.1 Experimental…
-
COMBUSTION
Principle of Combustion Combustion refers to the rapid oxidation of fuel accompanied by the production of heat or heat and light. Complete combustion of a fuel is possible only in the presence of an adequate supply of oxygen. Oxygen (O2) is one of the most common elements on earth making up 20.9% of our air.…
-
Solid Biofuels
Solid biofuels are wood, sawdust, grass trimmings, domestic refuse, charcoal, agricultural waste, non-food energy crops and dried manure. When raw biomass is already in a suitable form, it can burn directly in a stove or furnace to provide heat or raise steam. When raw biomass is in an inconvenient form, the typical process is used…
-
Syngas
Syngas is a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and other hydrocarbons and produced by partial combustion of biomass. Before partial combustion the biomass is dried and sometimes pyrolysed. The resulting gas mixture, syngas, is more efficient than direct combustion of the original biofuel; more of the energy contained in the fuel is extracted.
-
Biogas
Biogas is methane produced by the process of anaerobic digestion of organic material by anaerobes. It can be produced either from biodegradable waste materials or by the use of energy crops fed into anaerobic digesters to supplement gas yields. The solid by-product, digestate, can be used as a biofuel or a fertilizer.