Author: haroonkhan
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Steps in Sand Casting
Sand is the most suitable material for expandable mould. It has sufficient properties of moulding materials such as refractoriness, permeability, flowability, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, etc. Sand casting is the most versatile and common form of casting. In this method, a mould of sand with binding materials and water is prepared in which molten metal is poured…
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SAND CASTING
A model of mould used in sand casting is shown in Figure 20.2. Moulding material that is packed around the pattern to provide the mould cavity is green sand. The various parts of mould can be defined as follows: Figure 20.2 A Model of Mould Used in Sand Casting Flask: It is a rigid box which opens at top…
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CLASSIFICATION OF CASTING PROCESS
Casting process can be classified on the basis of expandable mould and multiple-use mould as shown in Figure 20.1. Expandable mould is destroyed after solidification of the casting. But, multiple-use mould can be used to make many castings. Expandable mould is used for very complicated casting design. In this process, production rate is lower than the multiple-use…
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INTRODUCTION TO CASTING PROCESSES
Casting is an ancient manufacturing process. It had been used during 4,000–5,300 B.C. for manufacturing of copper arrowheads. In the field of casting, a number of modern technologies have been developed such as die casting, permanent mould casting, vacuum casting, continuous casting, electromagnetic casting, etc., but sand casting is one of the oldest casting technologies…
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Nomenclature of Milling Cutter
Radial Rake Angle: It is the angle between the flute face and a radial reference plane XX drawn from the cutter axis to the cutting edge. Positive radial rake angle is used for high speed cutters and to cut the soft materials like aluminium. Negative rake angle is used for high speed milling with carbide tipped…
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Basic Milling Operations
Up Milling and Down Milling: The horizontal milling is divided into two groups: up milling and down milling. If the direction of cutting and feed are opposite to each other, the milling is known as up milling, and if the direction of both are same, the milling is known as down milling as shown in Figure 19.42.…
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Constructional Detail of Milling Machine
Base: The base is foundation part of a milling machine. It is made of grey cast iron. It absorbs vibrations and supports column, table arbour, etc. Column: It is main casing mounted on one side of the base. This is box shaped and fitted with gearing arrangement for different spindle speeds and table feeds (Figure 19.41). Knee: It…
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MILLING MACHINES
Milling is a metal cutting process in which different shapes and sizes of the surface are generated by cutting action of rotating multi-point cutter fixed on a periphery of a wheel and feed is given to the work. The shaft on which milling cutter is mounted is known as arbour, this may be horizontal or…
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Specification of Boring Machines
Main specification of a boring machine is designated by the following terms:
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BORING
Boring machine is one of the versatile machine tools. This is most suitable for machining of large and heavy workpiece in mass production, for example, cylinder of IC engines, machine housing, engine frame, etc. This machine can perform all the operations which can be done on drilling machine. But this machine is heavier than the…