Author: haroonkhan

Upset forging is used to produce head in a bolt, screw, bar, etc. Only a certain portion of the material is deformed and rest is unaffected from the deformation. Upset forging generally employs split dies that contain multiple positions or cavities and may be opened and closed type. The heated bar or rod is positioned…

Press forging employs a slow squeezing action produced by mechanically or hydraulically operated press as compared to rapid impact blows of hammer in drop forging. The slow squeezing action penetrates completely through the metal producing a more uniform deformation and flow of metal during the process. In this process, there is maximum utilization of energy…

In this forging, the metal is deformed by impact of hammer or die and hot metal is forced to confirm the die shape. The proper flow of metal during the intermittent blows is ensured and operation is divided into a number of steps. Each step changes the shape of the workpiece progressively. For complex forgings more…

This is variation of impression die forging without flash (Figure 21.5b). It has better utilization of material than open flat dies, better physical properties, closer dimensional, tolerance, high production rate, etc. In impression die forging the heated workpiece is placed between two required shaped die and is pressed or hammered. During hammering or pressuring it…

In open die forging, the hot workpiece is placed between two flat dies and is hammered to produce the desired shape. There is no flow of metal in this process. This is a slow process and may be performed by presses in addition to hammer (Figure 21.5a). It is repeatedly manipulated between the dies until…

Forging is a process of plastic deformation for shaping. The force applied in this case is intermittently compressive force while in a rolling process force applied is continuous compressive force.

There are two types of rolling defects—surface defects and internal defects as shown in Figures 21.3 and 21.4, respectively. Figure 21.3 Surface Rolling Defects Figure 21.4 Internal Rolling Defects