Author: haroonkhan
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TYPES OF SOILS
Based on the method of formation, soil may be categorised as residual and transported soils. Residual soils have formed from the weathering of rocks and practically remain at the location of origin with a little or no movement of individual soil particles. Transported soils are those that have formed at one location (like residual soils),…
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Methods of Exploration
Methods of exploration are indirect methods, semi-direct methods and direct methods of exploration. 1. Indirect Methods Indirect methods consist of geophysical and sounding methods. In these methods, depths to the principal strata are established based on some physical properties of the material, and the measurements are made on the ground surface. No samples are obtained…
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Planning the Ground Investigation
The ground investigation, irrespective of the magnitude of the project, consists of four phases, which are discussed below. 1. Available Information This is the first phase in which the collection of published geological and topographical information of the area, hydrological data, details of load regulations for construction activity, etc., are made. 2. Reconnaissance At this…
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SOIL INVESTIGATION
Ground investigation refers to the methodology of determining surface and sub-surface features in the proposed construction area. Information of surface conditions is necessary for planning the accessibility of the site, for deciding the disposal of removed material, for removal of surface water in waterlogged areas, for movement of construction material and equipment and other factors…
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INTRODUCTION
A foundation is that part of the structure which is in direct contact with the ground and transmits the load of the structure to the ground. It includes the soil or rock of the earth’s crust or any special part of the structure which serves to transmit the loads into the soil or rock. The…
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CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Before starting construction of a residential building, a site has to be owned at a desired place. A plan to be prepared as per the need of the person and necessary approval has to be obtained. The site clearance has to be done and then the actual work has to be started. The sequence of…
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Orientation Criteria under Indian Conditions
Major factors which control orientation of residential building are solar heat and humidity. Climate-wise, Indian climatic conditions may be divided into hot-arid zone and hot-humid zone. 1. Hot-Arid Zones Such zones are also called as dry arid zones which are found mostly in the interior of the country away from the coast. Hence, to get…
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Factors Affecting Orientation
Factors which may affect orientation are as follows: 1. Solar Radiation Solar radiation is directly related to temperature. From the solar radiation point of view, the orientation should be such that the building as a whole should receive the maximum solar radiation in winter and the minimum in the summer. Hence, it is necessary to…
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ORIENTATION OF BUILDING
Orientation of a building refers to the direction of the normal to the long axis. For example, if the length of the building is north-south, its orientation is east-west. The chief purpose of orientation of a building is to derive physically and psychologically comfortable living conditions inside the building. The orientation will provide the maximum…
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Superstructure
Superstructure is that portion of a building which is constructed above the substructure. It is the major portion of a building which is fully used by human beings. It houses various facilities like number of storeys, floors, roofs, stairs, ventilation, etc. It is the one which provides adequate stability and withstands the adverse weather conditions.…