Author: haroonkhan

These stairs are also known as moving stairs or even moving flights. By a revolving drum, the escalator is kept in motion. A few steps at top and bottom are kept level through moving individually. A person has to occupy a step (preferably the first step) of the escalator for the upward or downward motion.…

Elevators are used for different purposes and accordingly they are classified as follows: Separate specifications are available for each type of elevator. The relevant IS code has to be referred for specifications.

Civil engineering construction components needed for an elevator operation are given below:

Components of an elevator are the following:

Buildings which are having more than four storeys are provided with elevators or also called as lifts. The function of an elevator is to provide vertical transportation of passengers or freight. The elevators may be of two types, viz., electric traction elevators or hydraulic elevators. For a low-rise freight service, hydraulic elevators are provided which…

Ramps are sloping surfaces that join two floors. These are provided where large numbers of people or vehicles or equipment have to be moved from floor to floor. Now-a-days, ramps are specially provided in all public places like hospitals, railway stations, etc., for movement of aged and physically challenged persons. Multi-storey car parks that are…

Distribution of load for two conditions are given below:

Following are the norms for the size of rise and tread: The following guidelines may be followed while deciding the size of rise and tread of a stair:

Figure 21.15 Effective span for stairs supported at each end by landings (Source: IS: 456–2000)