Author: haroonkhan

This type of scaffolding is commonly used and particularly in the construction of brickwork. It consists of a single row of standards placed at a distance of about 1.20 m from the wall. The spacing between the standards is about 2–2.5 m. The ledgers are fixed at a vertical distance of 1.20–1.80 m on the…

Following are the different types of scaffolding:

Scaffolding has to satisfy the following requirements irrespective of the material used:

For a specific work of construction, a formwork is done using one or all of the following components. 1. Standards These are the vertical members of a scaffold which are either supported on the ground or embedded in to the ground or rested on sand-filled bags. 2. Ledgers These are the horizontal members of the…

In the routine construction work, sometimes it is necessary to have some temporary structure or support to continue the work. When the height of construction exceeds about 1.5 m, temporary structures are needed. Temporary structure is erected close to the work so as to provide a safe working platform for the workers and to provide…

Under no circumstance the forms are removed until the concrete has hardened sufficiently. Under normal weather conditions, the concrete is left in place as long as possible up to a maximum of 28 days. Figure 22.2 Formwork for square column Figure 22.3 Formwork for beam and slab However, the period to which the concrete should be left…

Materials generally used are timber and steel. Sometimes plywood and aluminium are also used. The choice of material to be used for the preparation of formwork depends on the nature of the job and economy. 1. Steel Formwork If it is intended to re-use the framework material for several times it is preferred to use…

Irrespective of the type of material used the formwork should satisfy the following requirements: 1. Adequate Strength As the formwork has to bear the weight of concrete which exerts a lot of pressure on all sides when it is wet, strength is an important and essential requirement. Resistance to outward push is achieved with the…

Concrete initially is in a plastic state and has to be kept within an closure of a desired shape by proper temporary supports till it gains adequate strength. This temporary enclosure is known as formwork or shuttering or simply as forms. For circular works such as arches, doors, etc., the term centring is used generally instead of formwork…

Temporary supporting structures are those structures which are required in the routine building construction works or repair works. During the process of concreting work, temporary structures called formworks are needed till the concrete attains its full strength. Similarly for laying of masonry work, plastering, painting and for temporary repair, some temporary structures are used which…