Author: haroonkhan

In wood work a primary coating is applied to the entire surface to be treated. This gives a hard and opaque covering. After drying the surface is smoothened by rubbing with pumice stone or sand paper. Successive coats with the chosen paint is given one after the other, after the previous coat has dried. Generally…

It is the process by which the surface is cleaned to take an optimum paint. In wood work knots should be avoided as there is a possibility of resinous material coming out of them. If knots are inevitable they are property smoothened by paint knoting or lime knoting application or hot read lead. In case…

Paints are applied as a final finish to all surfaces such as walls, ceilings, wood work, metal work, etc. Paints are classified based on different norms, viz., based on media, based on utilization, etc. Some of the common paints in use are: oil paints, cement paints, synthetic rubber paints and emulsion paints.

Following procedure is followed to perform the pointing work: 26.3.3 Types of Pointing Different types of pointing are in use. The choice of a particular type of pointing depends on the type of masonry and the effect required. Usual types of pointing are explained below. 1. Flush Pointing This type of pointing is formed by…

Pointing may be carried out either in lime mortar or cement mortar. In lime mortar, lime and sand are mixed in equal volumes. These two materials are ground carefully in a mortar mill. Cement mortar also is of equal proportion of cement and sand. In both the cases the sand used should be clean, fine…

Finishing of mortar joints to have a good appearance is called pointing. In general, constructions made with good quality bricks and stone masonry are finished with pointing to have a pleasing appearance.

1. Defects Usual defects which are noticed in plastering are discussed below. 2. Remedies

The following plastering techniques may be applied for a quality work:

Following are the tools used for plastering: 1. Laying Trowel Laying trowel is the ordinary trowel and is useful for applying or spreading or laying material and for trowelling so as to attain the desired finish. The trowel has a pointed or bull-nosed end. There are two types of trowels one can use to get…

Based on certain factors such as desired appearance of the surface, cost, degree of maintenance, etc., the external walls are finished with suitable additional material than mortar. These are various forms of external finishes and some of them discussed below. 1. Sand-faced Finish Sand-faced finish plaster comprises of two coats. The first coat is carried…