Author: haroonkhan

Sound is produced when part of the atmosphere is compressed suddenly. It is transmitted in the form of waves. The waves are a series of compressions and rare factions created in the air medium. The average sound travels at a speed of 340 m/s at ordinary temperature. It depends on the medium through which it…

Based on the causes of heat transfer, the areas to be concentrated for heat insulation accordingly the methods to be adopted are: 1. Thermal Insulation of Roofs The insulation can be done on outside or inside of a roof. Generally it is better to put a thermal insulation above the slab. Following methods may be…

Good insulating material should possess the properties such as adequate fire-resistant, termite resistant, moisture-resistant, adequate strength and stability and long life. Some of the insulting materials which are in use are: 1. Blanket Insulation Blanket insulators are flexible fibrous materials supplied in rolls or otherwise. They are made out of mineral wool, processed wood fibre,…

Based on the causes identified for heat transfer, the following general principles govern the thermal insulation:

Following are the factors which contribute for transfer of heat:

Temperature difference exists between outset and inside of a building and at difference units of a building. Heat is transferred from warm to cool place. The transfer of heat may take place by conduction, convection or radiation. Heat transfer mainly happens due to conduction through the solid building materials. This heat transfer depends on the…

Essential requirement for an air-conditioning system are as follows: Figure 28.5 shows a simple air-conditioning plant. Figure 28.5 Typical air-conditioning plant 1. Filters These are used to have effective cleaning of the air so as to remove dust or other suit particles from it. Filters used for this purpose are either dry or viscous type. Dry…

Based on the location of air-conditioning equipment, the systems of air-conditioning are classified into the following four systems: All the above systems invariably adopt the same cycle of operations as given below. 1. Central System In this system all the equipment and accessories needed are installed one focal point or central point. From this point…

Air-conditioning for comfort has to provide a healthier atmospheric conditions. As atmosphere is a function of temperature, air motion or velocity and humidity, the principles of air-conditioning should involve the proper control of these parameters. 1. Temperature Control The range of temperature which is suitable to majority of people is called the comfortable zone. The comfortable…