It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and produces no effect other than the transfer of heat from a lower temperature body to higher temperature body. In other words, a refrigerator cannot be operated without external work supplied to refrigeration system.
Heat flows from high temperature to low temperature reservoir. To reverse the direction of flow of heat, there is requirement of some additional work on the system. On this principle refrigerator and heat pump are working. The violation of Clausius statement is shown in Figure 1.12.
The two statements of the second law are equivalent. In other words, any device which violates the Kelvin–Planck statement also violates the Clausius statement and vice versa. Any device that violates the first law of thermodynamics (by creating energy) is called a perpetual-motion machine of the first kind (PMM1), and the device that violates the second law is called a perpetual-motion machine of the second kind (PMM2).
Figure 1.12 The Violation of the Kelvin–Planck Statement Leads to Violation of Clausius
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