INTRODUCTION

There are different forms of energy; all the energy cannot be used as a work. The convertibility of energy into work depends on its availability, i.e., how much energy can be converted into useful work. Thermodynamics is a branch of science and engineering that deals with interaction of energy mainly in the forms of heat and work. Thermodynamics is concerned with thermal behaviour of a matter and its interaction with other physical and chemical behaviour of the matter. Broadly, thermodynamics is studied in two forms—classical and statistical. Classical thermodynamics is concerned with the macrostructure of matter. It addresses the major characteristics of large aggregations of molecules and not the behaviour of individual molecules. The microstructure of matter is studied in kinetic theory and statistical mechanics. Statistical thermodynamics is concerned with the microstructure of the matter and addresses behaviour of individual molecules of the matter. Only classical approach to thermodynamics has been discussed. Gases are very important part of engineering thermodynamics; therefore, to know the behaviour of ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure is very important. We have also discussed about the different gas laws and universal gas constants.