Bureau of Indian Standard have specified the minimum design requirements for earthquake–resistance design in IS codes: 1893 (Part I): 2002, IS: 4326: 1993 and IS: 13920: 1993. These requirements have been stipulated after considering the characteristics and probability of occurrence of earthquakes, the characteristics of the structure and the foundation and the amount of damage that is considered tolerable. Codal provisions from other countries are also available.
The criteria adopted by codes for fixing the level of the design seismic loading are generally as follows:
- Structures should be able to resist minor earthquakes without damages.
- Structures should be able to resist moderate earthquakes without significant structural damage, and
- Structures should be able to resist major earthquakes without collapse, but with some structural and non-structural damages.
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