Plumbing system of drainage is one through which discharge from sanitary fixtures or appliances is conveyed. The three principal systems are single stack system, the one-pipe system and the two-pipe system.
1. Single Stack System
In this system all waste matters such as from bath, kitchen and sink and foul matter from urinals or excreta from water closets are discharged into a single soil pipe. This pipe also acts as a ventilating pipe. In this system complete reliance is built entirely on the effectiveness of water seal with the assurance that the entry of gases from sewers are blocked. The advantages of the system are:
- Simplicity in design, layout and easy plumbing of sanitary fixtures.
- Better external appearance of the building.
- More compact system and
- More economical.
The main disadvantage with this system is easy breaking up of water seal in taps.
2. One-Pipe System
In this system separate vent pipes are provided. All the traps of water closets, basins, baths etc., are adequately ventilated to preserve the water seal. In this system a caged dome is provided projecting above the roof top such that to allow a natural outlet to the foul gas. This system requires a difficult arrangement of pipe work and also costlier than the single-stack system.
3. Two-Pipe System
In this system all soil appliances such as water closets and urinals are connected to a vertical soil pipe. All wastewater appliances such as baths, washbasins, sinks, etc., are connected to separate waste pipe which is disconnected from the drain by means of a gully trap. Thus in this system there are two sets of vertical pipes, viz., the soil pipe and the waste pipe, each one is provided with a vent pipe. This system is the best plumbing system which is most efficient in the conveyance of sanitary waste and also largely favoured for adoption. However, this is the costliest of all systems.
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