Distempers are available both in powder (dry distempers) or paste forms (oil bound distempers). Dry distempers consist of 90–95% of whiting and 5–10% of glue. Oil bound distempers are made by grinding pigments with a medium composed of an emulsion of a drying oil in water. Linseed or tung oil is used. Vehicle for distempers is water.
Dry distemper is one of the cheapest forms of decoration. These give a pleasing coloured appearance and can stand a certain amount of dry rubbing and can be removed easily by washing.
Oil-bound distempers are more valuable for early decoration. This finish is comparatively better than dry distempers and is retained for a longer time. Cracking and peeling is not prevalent. This type is not suitable for places where there is possibility of wetting and drying for prolonged times. Distempers in general are suitable for interior surfaces as they are easily affected due to atmospheric agent.
The surface of distempering is prepared by applying the surface with 10% zinc sulphate solution. After drying the surface is smoothened with sand paper. Two coats are generally enough. The second coat is applied after the previous one has dried up.
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