Factors Affecting Orientation

Factors which may affect orientation are as follows:

1. Solar radiation
2. Clouds
3. Prevailing winds
4. Rainfall
5. Surrounding site conditions

1. Solar Radiation

Solar radiation is directly related to temperature. From the solar radiation point of view, the orientation should be such that the building as a whole should receive the maximum solar radiation in winter and the minimum in the summer. Hence, it is necessary to know the path of sun’s movement throughout the year and its relative position with respect to the locality.

2. Clouds

Clouds reduce the direct radiation from sun. It is thus desirable to take note of the cloudy periods in a year. Sun protection may be provided accordingly.

3. Prevailing Winds

Prevailing winds minimize the adverse effects of high humidity and high temperature. Thus for the purpose of orientation it is necessary to study the velocity and direction of the wind periodically. It is generally accepted that variation up to 30° with respect to the prevalent wind does not materially affect the indoor ventilation inside the building.

4. Rainfall

The intensity of rainfall and the entire monsoon period should be known so as to decide the orientation of the building and also decide about the structure.

5. Surrounding Site Conditions

Location of the site, either rural, urban or sub-urban, also plays a role in the orientation of a building. Further, the surrounding greeneries or some factories, etc., are to be taken into account while fixing the orientation of the building.