Substructure is the lowest portion of a building which is usually considered to be located below the ground level. The function of the substructure is to transmit the load of superstructure to the soil. The substructure is nothing but the foundation which is provided to give stability to the building and to distribute the load coming from superstructure (Fig. 14.1). If the sub-soil near the ground surface is weak, the load of superstructure is transferred to deep-strong strata by means of long vertical members of either timber, concrete or steel called piles.
Figure 14.1 Some components of a building
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