Various types of paints are discussed below:
1. Oil Paint
The various constituents of an oil paint are discussed in Section 12.2.4. These paints are self-priming and in general do not need any special primer or undercoat. When it is used for general decoration purposes, it is a common practice to apply at least three coats of varying compositions, i.e., primers, undercoats and finishing coats on the unpainted surfaces.
2. Aluminium Paint
Finely ground aluminium is suspended in either quick-drying spirit varnish or slow-drying oil varnish as per the requirement. After painting, the spirit evaporates and a thin metal film of aluminium is formed on the surface. Aluminium paint has several advantages. It is widely used for painting gas tankers, hot water pipes, radiators, etc.
3. Cement Paint
The term cement paint is applied to paints which are based on white cement with a pigment, a filler and an accelerator. It is available in a dry powder form. A variety of shades are available and are water-proof and durable. It is mixed with water immediately before its application. Cement paints are ideal for rough surfaces because its adhesive power is poor on smooth surfaces.
Two coats have to be applied. Before applying the first coat the surface is wetted. The second coat is applied not less than 24 hours after the first coat. To obtain best results, the surface has to be kept wet for about two days after the final coat. However, the cement paint is not recommended for regions under sub-zero temperatures.
4. Anticorrosive Paint
It primarily consists of oil and a strong drier. Very fine sand is mixed with a pigment and added to the paint. The pigment may be chromium oxide, lead, red lead or zinc chromate. The appearance of the paint is black and has a long life. It is comparatively cheap.
5. Emulsion Paint
It contains binding materials such as polyvinyl acetate, synthetic resins, etc., and it is easy to apply. It dries quickly and the colour of the paint is retained for a long period. The surface of the paint is tough and can be cleaned by washing with water.
Emulsion painting can be carried out either by a brush or sprayed using a gun. Two coats are needed for a long life. In general, a smooth surface is needed to apply emulsion paint.
6. Enamel Paint
It contains white lead or zinc white, oil, petroleum spirit and resinous matter, which are available in different colours. It forms a hard and durable surface but dries slowly. The surface painted by enamel paint is not affected by acids, alkalies, fumes of gases, steam, water, etc. This is quite suitable both for internal and external walls. To make the appearance look better, it is recommended to apply a coat of titanium white in pale linseed oil before applying enamel paint.
7. Luminous Paint
This paint contains calcium sulphide with varnish. The surfaces painted by this paint shines like radium dials after the source of light has been cut off. This paint should be used only on surfaces that are free from corrosion or any other lead paint.
8. Cellulose Paint
This is a special type of paint prepared from nitro-cotton, celluloid sheets, photographic films, etc. It hardens on evaporation of a thinning agent and due to oxidation. Although it is costly, it presents a flexible, hard and smooth surface. The surface coated with this paint can withstand adverse weather conditions and can be washed and easily cleaned.
9. Asbestos Paint
This is a peculiar type of paint, and it is applied on the surfaces that are exposed to acidic gases and steam.
10. Plastic Paint
This type of paint is also called plastic emulsion paint and is available in the market under different trade names. The paint is composed of plastic compounds such as vinyl acetate and acrylate. This paint has a pleasing appearance, and it is attractive in colour. This is used in showrooms and auditoriums.
11. Bituminous Paint
This paint is obtained by dissolving asphalt or mineral pitches or vegetable bitumen in any type of oil or petroleum. This has a black appearance and is used to paint iron work under water.
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