Non-destructive testing is done on hardened concrete. In non-destructive testing methods, some properties of concrete are used to estimate strength, durability, elastic parameters, crack depth, micro-cracks and progressive deterioration of concrete.
Such properties of concrete are hardness, resistance to penetration of projectiles, rebound number, resonant frequency, ability to allow ultrasonic pulse velocity, ability to scatter and transmit X-rays and gamma rays, its response to nuclear activation and acoustic emission. Various non-destructive methods have been developed using one or more of the above properties. Some of the important methods in use are explained below.
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