Challenges

There are several challenges with use of IoT in agriculture:

• Seizing tremendous volume of generated heterogeneous data by sensors and performing the analysis for a large number of data for study of crops.
• Cost of hardware and software to be set minimum while maximizing the system output.
• There is a challenge of integrating historical data of crop with IoT devices.
• Agriculture-​related standardization must be done in IoT and should strictly be followed.
• IoT requires the use of a common platform to be successful in agriculture.
• Agriculture systems driven by IoT based on non-​conventional source of energy harvesting solutions must be considered.
• Suitable programming tools and low-​power capabilities are needed in agriculture so as to keep power consumption within the budget of small-​ and medium-​power harvesting modules.
• Robust and reliable technologies are used to transfer data to meet the challenges of the rural environment as desired.
• Authenticity and confidentiality to secure data integrity during the process of data acquisition with key management protocols needs to be ensured by adopting routing policies and authentication policies.
• Collaborative effort from all stakeholders is required to introduce universal standards in developing IoT, keeping aside the competitiveness.