The technology plays a vital role in agriculture. IoT-based agriculture is shown in Figure 7.4, having different layers from physical layer to user-experience layer. This system performs acquisition of data, statistical analysis, storage and then decision-making on available data.
Developments in sensor technology and other electronic devices reduced the costs and have added manifold advantages to traditional agriculture practices. Such evolution of conventional method of agriculture to precision and micro-precision agriculture [9] lately brought a phenomenal improvement in agriculture productivity. IoT application in agriculture is about providing farmers with the automation technologies and decision tools which seamlessly incorporate products, knowledge and services for better productivity, quality and profit.
IoT has found its application in several areas, such as
- Proper utilization of pesticides and fertilizers which helps in rising the crop quality as well as reducing the cost of the farming.
- Water usage in farming and related activities; improved irrigation management system is used nowadays.
- Wireless sensor technology and communications helped in water quality monitoring on parameters like temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, dissolved oxygen.
- Monitoring of herd of cows and other animals grazing can be done using IoT.
- Agriculture and greenhouse are related to each other. Increase in climate temperature due to greenhouse gases and its effect on agriculture is monitored.
- UAV and drones are used for fruitful farming.
- Knowledge of soil is important for the production of corps, monitoring of soil is done using IoT.
- Supply chain management is needed for gaining profits which can be monitored by IoT.
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