Orthogonal cutting is a machining process in which the cutting edge of the tool is kept perpendicular to the direction of the tool travel (Figure 19.3). But, in oblique cutting, the cutting edge of the tool is inclined at some acute angle to the direction of the tool travel. There are some fundamental differences in orthogonal and oblique cutting.
Differences Between Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting
| Orthogonal Cutting | Oblique Cutting |
|---|---|
| The cutting edge of the tool is perpendicular to the direction of the tool travel.The cutting edge clears the width of the workpiece on either end.The chip flows over the rake surface of the cutting tool in the direction perpendicular to the cutting edge. The shape of the chip coil is tight flat spiral.Only two components of the cutting force act on the cutting edge.Maximum chip thickness occurs at the middle.For same feed and depth of cut, the force which shears the metal acts on a smaller area and therefore, the heat developed per unit area due to friction along the tool work interface is more and tool life is less. | The cutting edge of the tool is inclined at some acute angle to the direction of the tool travel.The cutting edge may or may not clear the width of the workpiece on either end.The chip flows on the rake surface of the tool making an angle with the normal on the cutting edge. The chip flows sideways in a long curl.Three components of the forces mutually perpendicular act at the cutting edge.The maximum chip thickness may not occur at the middle.Force of cutting acts on longer area and therefore, the heat developed per unit area due to friction along the tool work interface is more and tool life is less. |
Figure 19.3 Schematic View of Orthogonal and Oblique Cutting
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