The proper design of load carrying components such as shafts, pressure vessels, and support structures for machines requires information about the distribution of forces within the particular component. The experimental analysis of stress is accomplished by measuring the deformation of a part under load and inferring the existing state of stress from the measured deflections.
Figure 18.9 Stress Analysis
Consider the rod in Figure 18.9. Stress is the internal distribution of force per unit area that balances and reacts to external loads applied to a body. If the rod has a cross-sectional area of A, and the load is applied only along the axis of the rod, the normal stress is defined as
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